|
2007年世界生態(tài)高峰會(huì)，來(lái)自70多個(gè)國(guó)家的1400多名生態(tài)學(xué)工作者歡聚一堂，針對(duì)如何運(yùn)用生態(tài)學(xué)方法緩解全球氣候變化，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)退化，以及如何實(shí)現(xiàn)聯(lián)合國(guó)千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)，改善人類福祉進(jìn)行了富有成效的討論。與會(huì)代表希望能夠與全世界各國(guó)民眾和決策管理人員共享他們掌握的生態(tài)知識(shí)。
生態(tài)學(xué)是許多我們?nèi)粘ｊP(guān)注問題的核心，是解決人與自然系統(tǒng)關(guān)系問題的關(guān)鍵。生態(tài)學(xué)能夠幫助人們?nèi)ピO(shè)計(jì)、規(guī)劃、管理及保護(hù)好環(huán)境，以確保我們所有人擁有健康的生命，讓子孫后代擁有良好的生存環(huán)境。
生態(tài)學(xué)必須成為決策管理的重要工具。沒有對(duì)生態(tài)關(guān)系的深刻理解，我們的決策就有可能在給未來(lái)造孽，遭遇從土地功能退化加劇、動(dòng)植物生境消失到全球氣候繼續(xù)惡化等各種各樣的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
人類未來(lái)的健康取決于空氣、水和土壤質(zhì)量以及微生物、植物和動(dòng)物之間微妙的平衡關(guān)系。生態(tài)學(xué)有助于我們理解這種平衡的運(yùn)行和受擾機(jī)制，理解如何利用自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)控制和減少污染物，降低污染物的危害。
環(huán)境污染威脅了食物鏈，減少了河流和海洋里的生命，也擾亂了魚類、動(dòng)物和人類的繁衍。生態(tài)學(xué)揭示了污染物的遷移、影響、聚集的規(guī)律，并探討了降低污染物危害的方法。
人類的食物供應(yīng)依賴于集約型農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)和化肥和殺蟲劑的大量施用。降低化肥使用量、避免殺蟲劑的副作用、利用自然調(diào)節(jié)的手段降低病蟲害對(duì)作物生長(zhǎng)和動(dòng)物繁殖危害地秘訣，就在生態(tài)學(xué)手中。
溫室氣體排放正在造成的全球氣候變化，其中大部分原因是由于人類不適宜的土地利用、農(nóng)業(yè)和林業(yè)生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)。生態(tài)學(xué)研究已經(jīng)揭示出自然系統(tǒng)能固定和排放溫室氣體的關(guān)鍵過(guò)程，以及全球變暖對(duì)相關(guān)過(guò)程的影響。
印度洋海嘯在有紅樹林保護(hù)的海岸帶所造成的危害甚小。諸如恢復(fù)紅樹林的生態(tài)工程可以大大增強(qiáng)人類抵抗災(zāi)害的能力。上世紀(jì)30年代，在濕地種植鹽草使得中國(guó)恢復(fù)、保護(hù)了大量的海岸線。
參加第三屆世界生態(tài)高峰會(huì)專家學(xué)者呼吁人類社會(huì)立即行動(dòng)起來(lái)，為防止地球生態(tài)的進(jìn)一步退化而共同努力。這就需要建立健全環(huán)境法規(guī)，積極承諾和執(zhí)行國(guó)際公約，并把生態(tài)學(xué)原理應(yīng)用到日常生活中去，民眾、政府及科學(xué)家之間最為廣泛的合作。
人類的未來(lái)掌握在我們自己手上。生態(tài)學(xué)已成為人類建設(shè)一個(gè)更美好世界所必須使用的重要工具。
Beijing Ecology Declaration
In Beijing 1400 leading environmental scientists from 70 countries met at EcoSummit 2007. They discussed how ecology can help mitigate global climate change, ecosystem degradation, and to find ways to improve human well-being in the context of the UN Millennium Development Goals. They sought ways of sharing their ecological knowledge with the world’s peoples and decision makers.
Ecology is at the heart of many of our everyday concerns. It is the key to solving many problems of human interactions with natural systems. Ecology can help us design, plan, manage and protect our environment to ensure that we can all enjoy healthier lives and pass on a good environment for our grandchildren to appreciate.
Ecology must be a factor in policy decision making. Without understanding ecology, we risk building up problems for the future, from increasing the rate of land degradation and the loss of plant and animal life, to worsening the present global climate change.
The future of our health depends on the delicate balance between the quality of air, water and soil and between microbes, plants and animals. Ecology enables us to understand how this balance works, what disturbs it, and how contaminants are held and released by natural systems.
Pollution threatens our food chains, reduces life in rivers and seas, and can disrupt reproductive systems of fish, animals and humans. Ecology reveals where pollutants go, how they affect different life forms, where they build up and what can be done to prevent their harmful effects.
Our food supplies depend on intensive farming systems and high inputs of fertilisers and pesticides. Ecology holds the key to discovering how to reduce fertiliser use, avoid the side-effects of pesticides and the use of natural controls of diseases and pests that affect crops and animal production.
Global climate change is being caused by the release of greenhouse gases, many of which come from human use of the land, from farming and forestry practices. Ecology has identified the key processes by which natural systems can hold gases and release them to the atmosphere and what would happen to those processes when the world gets warmer.
The impacts of the Indian Ocean Tsunami were far less severe in areas where the shoreline was protected by mangroves. Ecological engineering such as restoring mangrove forests can greatly reduce our vulnerability to disasters. The planting of salt grass marshes in the 1930s has enabled the Chinese to reclaim and protect large segments of their coast.
The scientists at the Eco Summit have called for human society to work together to prevent the further ecological deterioration of the Earth. This demands developing and enforcing environmental laws and regulations, and upholding and applying international conventions. It also requires the widest collaboration between civil society, government, and scientists in applying ecology to everyday life.
Our future is in our hands. Ecology is one of the tools we must use in our efforts to make this a better world.
|
